P3, M2 and D2: Creating Newspaper Short Film, Apply Video Effects and Control Of The Audio Tracks

 P3 Offline Edit and what changes we have made, M2 Short Film finished edit and explanations

 Here are our completed offline edit and completed edit for the Newspaper short film that I created. An offline edit doesn't contain any editing but the videos being cut together. The online edit has the audio, transitions etc. We have a few changes while filming compared to the storyboards I made and I will explain these with each storyboard. I will also explain the post production editing process and include screenshots to show techniques being used.

                                        Here are my rushes.

 

 

 

 

 

 

  P3:

 

                                     Decision Log

Video type/ SD card Number	Shot type	Description	Quality/frame rate	Time code in	Time code out
Opening Scene Try 1.MP4	Medium establishing shot, pan right	We see The Detective reading a newspaper.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	00:00:00	00:03:07
Opening Scene Try 2.MP4	Medium establishing, tracking shot	We see The Detective reading a newspaper as the camera moves around the back of his chair.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	00:03:07	00:11:23
O Newspaper try 2.MP4	Medium shot, zooms in, close up of O. Changes to medium still shot.	The Newspaper has an O on it, we see this as The Detective reads it.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	00:11:23	00:15:07
Organising Desk 1.MP4	Medium shot	Side view of Detective organising his office desk.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	00:15:07 cut one.  00:21:02 cut two.	00:18:21 cut one. 00:26:09 cut two.
Organising desk over the shoulder.MP4	Over the shoulder shot	We see Detective organising desk over his shoulder.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	00:18:21 cut one. 00:26:10 cut two.	00:21:01 cut one. 00:47:18 cut two.
Phone ringing 2.MP4	Close up shot, zoom in.	Chief of Police rings Detective.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	00:47:19	00:52:09
Talking phone 1.MP4	Medium shot	Detective talks on phone.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	00:52:10	01:14:03
S newspaper 2.MP4	Extreme close up, zoom in	Shows S newspaper.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	01:14:04	01:18:09
Pan scene 2.MP4	Establishing shot, pan left	Show Sandall Park as crime scene.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	01:18:10	01:25:24
Detective shows up.MP4	Close up	The Detective walks into view.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	01:26:24	01:29:23
Look at crime scene from afar.MP4	Long shot	See Detective looking at crime scene.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	01:29:24	01:35:16
Open notepad and get pen.MP4	Close up shot	Detective gets pen and notepad from pockets.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	01:35:17	01:45:00
Dialogue 1 and walks to newspapers.MP4	Long shot	Detective walks and kneels at crime scene.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	01:45:01	01:55:24
Crouching at crime scene.MP4	Zoom in, overhead angle	Detective looks at crime scene.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	01:56:00	02:00:08
Stands up and gets phone call.MP4	Medium shot	Detective stands up and takes phone call.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	02:00:09	02:07:15
On phone call.MP4	Close up	Has phone to ear.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	02:07:15	02:10:13
Writing notes on phone call.MP4	Close up, zoom in	The Detective writes notes.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	02:10:14 shot 1. 2:29:18 shot 2.	02:22:13 shot 1. 2:35:08 shot 2.
Detective writing names.MP4	Close up, over the shoulder shot	We see The Detective write Mikhail and James on the notepad.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	02:22:14	02:29:17
Pan C newspaper.MP4	Pans across newspapers, close up shot		1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	02:35:09	02:39:22
C newspaper zoom in.MP4	Close up, zoom in		1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	02:39:23	02:43:13
James walks through door.MP4	Full shot to medium shot	The first suspect walks through the door (James) with The Detective.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	02:43:14	02:49:24
James dialogue 1.MP4	Medium shot,  over shoulder of Detective	He talks to The Detective.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	02:50:00	03:19:17
James I swear I didn’t murder her.MP4	Medium shot, zoom in	He talks to the camera/audience.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	03:19:18	03:26:08
James dialogue 2.MP4	Medium shot, over shoulder of Detective	He talks to The Detective.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	03:26:09	05:03:10
End of James scenes.MP4	Pan down and zoom out, medium camera shot	James freaks out.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	05:03:11	05:08:22
A newspaper cutaway shot.MP4	Extreme close up, zoom in and out	Cutaway Shot of Newspaper.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	05:08:23	05:10:12
Clock cutaway.MP4	Medium shot	Show clock to show time.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	05:10:13	05:14:07
Mikhail enters office.MP4	Medium tracking shot	Mikhail enters the office with The Detective.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	05:14:08	05:26:16
Mikhail dialogue .MP4	Medium shot, over shoulder of Detective	Mikhail gets interrogated by The Detective.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	05:26:17	05:32:21
Damn this guys a tough cookie 2.MP4	Close up	Detective talks to the camera and we see hear his thoughts.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	05:32:22	05:36:15
Mikhail dialogue 2.MP4	Medium shot, over shoulder of Detective	Mikhail gets interrogated by The Detective.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	05:36:16	05:43:01
Mikhail dialogue 3.MP4	Medium shot, over shoulder of Detective	Mikhail gets interrogated by The Detective.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	05:43:02	06:01:07

 

Dialogue 2, lamp.MP4	Over the shoulder of Detective	Mikhail gets lamp shined in his face.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	06:01:08	06:24:02
Mikhail dialogue 4.MP4	Over the shoulder of Detective	Mikhail gets interrogated by The Detective	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	06:24:03	06:33:04
Mikhail dialogue 5.MP4	Medium shot	Mikhail tells The Detective to leave him be.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	06:33:05	06:42:10
Scene 5 phone called.MP4	Medium shot	The Detective goes out of his office and leaves Mikhail there while he takes phone call.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	06:42:11	07:04:16
POV taking newspaper from bin.MP4	POV shot	Mikhail takes newspaper from bin (camera in this case).	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	07:04:17	07:09:05
Take newspaper from bin.MP4	Close up shot	Mikhail picks up newspaper from bin.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	07:09:06	07:10:08
Arrange newspapers.MP4	Medium close up shot	We see Mikhail as he arranges newspapers.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	07:10:09	07:22:15
Newspapers in order.MP4	POV pan to the right	We see the name “Oscar” on the newspapers.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	07:22:16	07:26:04
Chloroform reshooted.MP4	Medium close up shot	The Detective chloroforms Mikhail	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	07:26:05	07:49:04
Detective grabs camera.MP4	Medium close up shot	The Detective sees the camera and covers it with his hand.	1920 × 1080, 25.00 fps	07:49:05	07:53:04

 Here you can see my decision log. This shows all the rushes I have used to edit our Newspaper short film.

 

This is storyboard one. The video does start in The Detective's office. However, we changed this from an establishing shot pan right to a tracking shot around the detective from behind the chair. We decided to do this camera shot instead as it focuses more on what The Detective is doing and so the viewers can see the newspaper. The viewers can tell this is his office from the mise en scene that we used (we did include props written on the storyboard) so an establishing shot wouldn't be of much use. The tracking shot also means we are focused more on The Detective since he is an important character. We have included the monologue with the exact dialogue on the storyboards; instead of having a close up of just The Detective's face in scene 1 shot 2, we decided to zoom into the letter O that is on the newspaper that he is reading since this is an important part of the storyline. 

We also started the monologue later than 3 seconds. We didn't really use the times that I wrote down on my storyboard since some scenes might need to be longer or shorter for dramatic effect or it took longer to film than expected. Inbetween scene 1 shot 2 and 3, we added in a segment where The Detective is tidying his desk. This shows the mise en scene more clearly and it also tells us that The Detective is a very tidy, professsional and observant detective and we can see his personality throughout the narrative. We did this with over the shoulder shots and medium shots that show the desk; we switched between these two different shot types to keep the audience interested. In shot 3, we can see the phone is ringing and we know it is the Chief of Police. However, we decided to take out the ringtone noise and keep the Jazz music alongside the monologue. We did this because The Detective might not want his ringtone on when he is working and this stops there from being too many noises for the audience to listen to, also this just works better, We did use a close up camera shot, overhead angle of this scene so the audience can see who is ringing and they can see The Detective answering this call. 

We did change shot 4 slightly. The Detective does pick up the phone and talk to the Chief of Police, however this is done as a close up camera shot so we can see The Detective holding the phone to his ear and reacting to the phone call. This makes sure the audience are focused on this point and it removes any unneccesary area around the action. Instead of The Chief of Police voiceover, we kept with the Jazz music and the monologue. This monologue explains what is happening on the phone call as The Detective talks on the phone. I think this works much better than the storyboard because the monologue is a very important convention of our genre: Detective film noir dramas. Shot 5 continues from shot 4, we decided not to blur this part since it makes sense that the audience sees The Detective talking on the phone and we still used the medium camera shot from the side as planned on the storyboard. Shot 6 shows the newspaper with an extreme camera shot zoom which is similar to the storyboard. 

 

 

 

 

M2:  As you can see in this screenshot, a lot of editing has happened to bring this scene to life and tie it together. I have added the completed short film above to help you see how the editing I have done created the final product and why I edited the short film this way. The videos are in black and white througout expect in one cutaway shot (wich I will explain later). I did this by using the creative dropdown under lumetri colour and sliding down the to 0. The saturation is how much colour you want present in the video. Because we are going for conventional detective film noir dramas, we want no colour at all. I have used the vinegarette tool which you can see in the effects control menu for a few of the shots. This tool lets me create a dark circle/darken the edges of the video. I decided to use this tool since it helps vary the video and it creates some mystery with the film noir genre. In addition, this works to block out the equipment on the shelves since this would make this look more like the media storeroom than a detective's office and we want to keep our mise en scène on point.

 

 

 I have also used the text tool and layered this up (the pink boxes on the screen) to create the typewriter text that we see at the bottom left of the screen. I did this by using the type tool and changing the font in the essential graphics menu. I then changed the angle of the wipe angle transition and I changed the speed slightly. I did this for all of my text and I placed in some typewriter audio so it looks like someone is typing this. I used a serif font; it is a convention of the genre to use this style of font. In detective and crime TV, they use something similar to tell the location of the next scene and I think this makes the narritive a bit clearer for our audience.

 

P3: We did use the S on the newspaper but we left this in black and white instead of red. This has been done because on the second to last newspaper we keep this red to foreshadow murder. This cutaway scene is important to the narrative as the letters for The Detective's name which we see in the typewriter text (I added a typewriter sound effect here too) which is Oscar. If our audience is observant enough they will be able to figure out the puzzle.

This is storyboard two. We had to change the setting of the scene because we didn't have permission from a church to film there so we chose to film this at Sandall Park. Therefore, the narrative had to change a lot since we had ran into quite a few problems that we had to overcome. Luckily, we planned for these situations within our risk assessment so we knew what to do. The first problem we ran into was the rain. The weather was really terrible for a few weeks when we were going to film so we chose to film our indoor scenes instead. I checked the weather beforehand to make sure the weather wasn't bad when we ended up filming the scene. Another problem we ran into was the cast who played the suspects couldn't be there when we filmed. It was a struggle to find a time when everyone could film because of our college timetables and responsibilities outside of college. To solve this, we had to cut the suspects out of the scene and shorten this scene so only The Detective is on camera. We did however create a voiceover for the Chief of Police when The Detective answers the phone. Furthermore due to other responsibilities, we didn't have as much time as we would have liked to film this scene but we decided if we needed to we would go back for reshoots but we just had enough time to film this. In scene 2 shot 1, we decided to do a pan to the left establishing shot of the scene so we still introduced the scene like planned on the sstoryboard. Because we didn't have the suspects as I planned for on the storyboard, the scene is much shorter, alot has been cut out and it is quite different to the storyboards 2-4. Although this was not planned on the storyboard, we used a close up camera shot to show the Detective arriving at the crime scene with the typewriter text again and the Detective's voiceover monologue saying "I arrived at the scene". This also adds to the character's personality; this makes The Detective look cool, calm and collected. Next we did the scene 2 shot 2 establishing shot of The Detective looking at the crime scene and the camera zooming out. We didn't use a body for this because we thought that this would make the scene look a bit cheap and then we would have to use fake blood and figure out how the dead character would have died. We then return back to The Detective in the next shot and the monologue says "I took my pen and notepad and started studying the surrounding area" while doing exactly that while walking out of view of the camera. We then used a medium shot zooming into a close up as The Detective says "seems like the work of that serial killer that's been on the loose". We didn't do a ground level shot so we can see the scene as well as The Detective's reaction. Again, his reaction is calm and he doesn't seem fased by it which shows our audience he is experienced and has been in the job a long time. After that we did an overhead shot of the crime scene. We included this so the audience could figure out that one of these newspapers had the next clue. We then decided to combine scene 2 shot 7 and scene 2 shot 12; the other scenes had The Detective talking to the suspects which we couldn't film. So in the next few shots, The Detective is writing down on the notepad and he gets a call. He says "Yeah I'm at the scene" and while he talks The Chief of Police on the phone (this is a voiceover so we can hear what he says) The Detective writes down Mikhail and James in an over the shoulder close up of the notepad as planned on the storyboard. We included this scene to give a bit of a backstory on the suspects and the Just James joke that are 15+ audience might chuckle at a little. The camera zooms in, then it pans over some newspapers on a desk with a C on it and zooms into it. Once again this adds more clues for the audience.

M2: This is what scene two of our Newspaper short film complete edit looks like. As you can see, I have used the newspaper C cutaway as a transition between the two scenes. I didn't add in any editing transitions between scenes since this adds more depth for our storyline. To keep consistancy, I once again created the typewriter text effect. This is a convention of Detective films and it also helps the audience know what setting the scene is now. I had a challenge while editing the audio of this section. In the scene when the Detective talks to the Chief of Police, the audio originally didn't match. Therefore I had to make sure The Detective's dialogue was all the same volume and the same volume for all of the Chief of Police audio. I also had to use the pen tool again for the background audio and fade it before the scene changed. I used the same effects when creating the black and white effect and when I cut down the video (using the razor tool). We did a lot of voiceovers for this scene since we had to change our initial plan.

P3: As mentioned for the previous storyboard, we couldn't get everyone together to film this scene so we had to use just The Detective for this park scene. This what I originally planned; The Detective was going to interact with the suspects at the crime scene. This would have made sense as our viewers would understand how they became suspects. Unfortunately we couldn't do this. We did however use shot 12 from this storyboard. We did a close up, over the shoulder of this camera shot as The Detective writes the names of the suspects. Detectives use notepads and take notes based on what clues are at the crime scene and who the suspects are in other detective movies. We used this as a convention; it also helps to progress our storyline. Furthermore, the voiceover gives backstory for the Just James joke that we hear later on.

This storyboard shows the last of scene two (the park scene) and the start of scene three. We chose to change the sequence in which these scenes happen, so the next scene we did is the James scene. I will however still explain how we did things differently. In this storyboard, the suspect (Mikhail) just walks into the office and sits down willfully. This would not happen in reality, so for both of our suspects, The Detective brings them into his office and commands them to sit down. This happens in medium tracking shots so we can see how the characters react in this situation. Because of the environment we filmed in, we decided to use over the shoulder shots (from The Detective's angle) and medium camera shots for our talking scenes. This helps the audience focus on the character's dialogue, their facial expressions and the way they react rather than the environment. This also shows how The Detective has power over the suspects. We have used the same dialogue lines that you see on this storyboard; we followed our script as much as we could.

Here we have used all of the same dialogue; we kept with our script. We decided that when The Detective says "Damn this guy's a tough cookie" he turns to the camera in a medium camera shot. We did this so the audience can see what The Detective is thinking. When The Detective gets the lamp, we did this as an over the shoulder camera shot instead. We can see that The Detective still holds power over Mikhail and this makes The Detective seem strong. The camera does move a little in this shot. This can show that tensions are rising between the two characters and it signifies how tense the atmosphere is.

This storyboard continues from the last. "You work in the newspapers and the body has newspapers around it" is what the actor (Asentijs) improvised from shot 10. The Detective puts the lamp down and slams his hand on the table after saying the dialogue. This shows how The Detective is getting agitated with Mikhail. We did not do the extreme close up of their eyes in shot 12, we chose to do a medium close up of Mihail saying the lines. He uses lots of hand gestures and he slams his hand against the table. This connotes how Mikhail is stronger than The Detective and he won't back down. We chose to have this as scence four so instead of Mikhail sneaking into The Detective's office (which he would have needed a key for and wouldn't have a reason to do so) he is left in the room by himself. 

As we mentioned earlier The Detective takes the suspects into the office, so we scrapped scene 4 shot one and two. This next part is for scene 3, when The Detective interrigates Just James. Once again, this happens in a medium camera tracking shot.

 

Here you can see the talking scenes between The Detective and Just James. We did add a few lines or change them a little but we stuck to the script. In shot 6, The Detective shows James the CCTV footage. We decided to scrap shot 7 since our setting changed to a park (which means there was no shops around) and we didn't have enough time to film this. So instead, James looks at the laptop and watches the footage. The dialogue in shot 8 is a little bit different but still sends the same message. Scene 4 shot 6 dialogue changed a little. We decided to do a close up shot zoom onto his face. This shows how James is talking to the audience. He is trying to not only tell the Detective he is innocent but also the audience like they are a jury. This makes the audience feel included.

In shot 15, James looks scared and sad while he says "I don't know". We can tell that The Detective's gasslighting is getting to James. We used a close up tracking shot, zoom in and out to show how confused James is through the camera work. Instead of the screen cutting to black, we used a newspaper cutaway since we changed the scenes around and it made more sense. We improvised some of the next scene. This last scene follows on from Mikhail's interrigation scene. The Detective gets a phone call and has to leave the room, so Mikhail walks around while he is typing on his phone (this all happens in a medium shot). We used a voiceover for the dialogue from shot one and two. Suddenly Mikhal stops and looks down at the camera while taking the item. He looks suprised and curious. We decided to do this POV shot of the newspaper in the bin to interest the audience and make them wonder what Mikhail is looking at. This builds up the suspense. We then see Mikhail taking a newspaper out of the bin in a medium camera shot and we hear him place this on a table. The camera looks at Mikhail while he is organising something, intense music starts then he slams the newspaper on the table to show that this is the final reveal. He says "If I put these together... No way" The camera switches to a POV shot from Mikhail's perspective to show the audience what he is so suprised by. The newspapers spell out the name Oscar. If the audience was observant in the first scene, they would have seen that the typewriter text said Oscar Fletcher's Office. They will also have realised that The Detective is the murderer. In the next medium shot, we see that The Detective sees Mikhail and sneaks into his own office. While Mikhail is trying to get his head around what he has just discovered "No way. So it was him, under our nose the entire time. It's so impossible, I must count my bottles of vodka I must be drunk. So how? I thought he was a good man" The Detective says "Well you thought wrong". The camera lighting keeps going from light to dark. Although this wasn't intentional, this works by creating fear and making it look like a light is flickering. The audience is feeling scared for Mikhail who doesn't know what is coming. The tense music fades throughout this scene. This music could be how Mikhail was feeling but it fades because he is going to be chlorformed. Mickhail says "What?" out of confusion but The Detective chlorforms him with his tie. These lines were actually improvised, Arsentijs and Jay made these lines up and in my opinion this is the best scene in the film because of it. Mikhail falls down. In the last shot, the lighting is very dark. This helps the viewers infer that Mikhail is either passed out or dead. They see The Detective's darkness inside. As if the audience was watching through the camera, The Detective sees the camera and covers it up with his hand. We left the short film on a cliffhanger since this is a conention of short films. While doing this, the audiience is wondering what happened to Mikhail, will The Detective get away with the murders, how did he kill Nancy Carmine, what will happen to James.... We left the audience with lot of questions; this makes the short film memorable. Although I didn't add this in the storyboard, I created a moving credit roll (I had to credit the music too since it is creative commons) with music. The Newspaper graphic shows up on screen.

To sum up the storyline, The Detective is working in his office and gets a call from The Chief of Police asking him to check out the crime scene and solve the murder. The Detective goes to the crime scene, looks for clues and talks to the Chief of Police again to get the suspects. He interigates James first. James is very nervous; The Detective tries to gaslight (form of manipulation well known in Psychology) James into thinking he killed the victim, Nancy Carmine. The next suspect is Mikhail. He is a tough guy who won't crack under pressure from our detective. When The Detective goes to take a phone call, Mikhail uses the newspapers he finds hidden in the bin (they were also at the crime scene) and figures out that The Detective is the murder. Before Mikhail can do anything, The Detective chlorforms Mikhail and we infer that he kills him.

 

M2: Here this screenshot is showing you the editing of the James and Mikhail interrigation scenes. As you can see, I have made the video black and white (I turned the saturation to 0) and I have also used the text tool and the linear wipe tool again for the typewriter text. I didn't have to do much editing on this section since the audio is clear and no dubbing, voiceovers or sound effects were needed for the scene.

I had to do a lot of editing for the end of the short film. I have used background music that I made gradually quiet again using the pen tool. Some of the shots didn't need the background noise. I deleted the background noise and replaced it with Mikhail's voiceover. I had the saturation to 0 again and I placed in some sound effects.

This is the credit roll I created using the text tools. I wrote the text, changed the font and size. I made the credits roll by using the roll option, I changed the speed and I centered the text to create a smooth credit roll. This contains what each of us did in the production process (I did the filming, directing, editing and graphics) and the creative commons background music that we had to give credit to by law.

I created this graphic in Adobe Photoshop. I got the newspaper background from Google; it is royalty free so I could use it. I used the text tool, font and the colour option to make the text red. I used a Newspaper background as this is the name of our detective drama short film. The newspapers in the film have letters written in red marker on them (which is why I went for that font and the red colour) and these are an important part of the short film. The letters spell The Detective's name (Oscar Fletcher) and this tells the audience and Mikhail that he is the murder since newspapers were scattered around the crime scene. I placed this in Adobe Premiere Pro as a TIFF image file.

D2: Control of Audio Tracks, Dubbing, Sound Effects and Audio Levels

This is the audio used in scene 1. I got the audio from creative commons or royalty free places such as free music archive for the background music, Uppbeat for the typewriting sound effect and we created some of our own audio. Here you can see a combination of all the audio. The A1 track consists of mostly sound effects and video audio, A2/A3 consists of dubbing and voiceovers while A4 contains the background music. I tried to place them all on different audio tracks to make it easier to edit and to help me know what audio clip is what. I have used the pen tool to edit the volume level (decibles). For example, you can see I have used the pen tool with the background music more specifically. To do this I clicked twice between what points I wanted the gradual fade of audio to occur, they I moved the white lines (audio levels) that you can see in the screenshots to lower the volume of the music. This works perfectly for our short film; this signifies the next scene. I have also used this tool to make the music quieter when the characters are talking.

Furthermore, there are sections of the audio where the decibles needed increasing or decreasing to make it louder or quieter. This is scene 2. Once again, you can see that I have used the pen tool to gradually make the audio quieter on track audio 4 for the background music. In this part of the scene, The Detective talks to the Chief of Police over the phone. However, the voiceover audio we recorded was either too loud (the case of The Detective's) or too quiet (The Chief of Police). I had to check the audio levels as you can see in this screenshot and make sure that The Detective's voice is louder than the Chief of Police's since the audience (camera) is with the Detective at the crime scene. This took a while. I eventually got each of their video clips to the same decibles and at the right volume. While placing the audio into the video, I also had to be aware of syncing voiceovers and dubbing with the video to make sure it was realistic and plausable which takes a lot longer than you would expect. For example, when The Detective kneels down at the crime scene and says "Seems like the work of that serial killer that's been on the loose", the audio from the camera was disrupted by the wind and the dialogue wasn't loud enough. So to fix this, we dubbed the line by recording this with the UM-900 Professional USB Condenser microphone to my laptop using the sound recording app and then placing this into the film while making sure the sound was just right. We had to record the majority of that audio using that microphone since all the other microphones that attach to the cameras had no battery, so we improvised.

Here are screenshots of the editing from scenes three and four. Because these are talking scenes, we decided to use the microphone for the audio. This made it easier to edit because I didn't have to add in dubbings or anything for this part; the voices are clear so it worked out in the end. For scene 5, I did add in some tense background music in when Mikhail finds out The Detective is the murderer. We used the camera audio for this scene since it was clear. The sound effects were creating using the microphone and were placed into Premiere Pro. The credits have background music and so does the end graphic. I made sure that the audio finished just after the end graphic to make sure the short film didn't end abruptly. As you can see, we have used a mixture of diegetic sound and non-diegetic sound. Diegetic sound is any sound we hear that is a part of the world. You can see examples of this in our short film: The characters talk, there is a phone call where we can hear both sides of the conversation, we used foley sounds such as The Detective organising his desk or Mikhail throwing down the newspaper when he arranges the newspapers at the end. Non-diegetic sound is sound that doesn't actually take place in the environment of the world. We used this in our Newspaper short film by using monologues and background music.